If you know two figures are similar, how can you find the missing lengths for the second figure?. Sample problem here.
How to use ratios (and ratio tables) to solve a proportion. Sample problem here.
Learn how to solve proportion word problems. Sample problem here.
There are many ways to solve a proportion. This page shows you three methods. $$\frac{6}{9}\,=\,\frac{x}{12}$$
Learn how to turn any ratio into a unit ratio. $$\frac{5}{4}\,=\,\frac{[ ]}{ 1 }$$
How can you tell if two ratios are equivalent to each other? This page shows you. Sample problem here.
Writing ratios in simplest form. $$\frac{12}{15}\,\rightarrow~\,\frac{4}{5}$$